If you are studying the brain structure (Central Nervous System), you must be familiar with the cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, and brain-stem. You might also be aware of the various parts that form the CNS system. However, in this blog, we will take a look at the tiny brain cell named Microglia, which is among the various types of cells found in the brain.
What is Microglia?
- Microglia is a type of glial cell and is the smallest of the neuroglia present in the brain.
- It is typically oval-shaped and is usually in a ramified state, which is activated by various triggers such as a brain injury.
- It is derived from the embryonic mesoderm, which is responsible for the production of blood cells and the immune system.
- It is also generated from the white blood cells in mature organisms
Now, let us take a look at the various functions of microglia.
What is the Function of Microglia?
Until recently, the function of microglia was unclear to scientists. However, with the advancement in technology, it was found out that the microglia is responsible for:
- Mediating immune responses in the CNS in case of a physical injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
- We are getting rid of the cellular debris and dead neurons from the nervous tissues by acting as macrophages by the process of phagocytosis.
Now, let’s have a glance at what modern researchers have to say.
Current Study of Microglia
After the high-resolution microscope was introduced, several interesting findings were observed concerning Microglia:
- It resembled the branches of a tree with numerous slender limbs
- It extends and retracts arm-like protrusions as they pass by the neurons (to check the reflexes)
- It helps in delaying the progression of disease in the brain by eliminating prion-damaged cells.
- It helps in the neural tissue regrowth once the damaged cells are removed
- It has harmful roles in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and even in cardiac problems, etc.
This led the researchers to take a different approach to study the brain. They found several case studies that displayed curious links between bone marrow and schizophrenia. In addition to this, scientists began to study various body signals, psychiatric disorders, depression, mood changes from the perspective of the microglia.
Today, after a detailed study of the microglia, most scientists believe that the mind-body dualism is possible. This lets us know that the body and brain function is completely independent. Hopefully, with more research through assignment help, we will be able to unearth the mystery behind the functioning of the brain and microglia.
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